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WORLDWIDE
FOREST/BIODIVERSITY CAMPAIGN NEWS
Amazon's
Existence Threatened by Massive Road & Waterway Building
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Forest Networking a Project of Forests.org
http://forests.org/ -- Forest Conservation
Portal
http://forests.org/web/ -- Discuss Forest
Conservation
11/17/00
OVERVIEW
& COMMENTARY
A new
study indicates that some one-third of Brazil's Amazon
rainforest
are threatened by construction and repair of several major
roads
being carried out under the "Advance Brazil" program. While
the
details are sparse, the extent of the threat to one of the
World's
primary ecological systems is immense.
On a better note, a
new
biosphere reserve has been created in Brazil's Pantanal region,
the
planet's largest tropical wetland ecosystem.
It is critical that
this
largely symbolic gesture be followed up with rigorous and
extensive
habitat preservation. Threats to the
most important
wetland
in the World remain, as a previously abandoned project that
would
create an industrial waterway through the heart of the Pantanal
looms
over this newly constituted biosphere reserve.
Brazil must be
called
upon to more consistently practice stewardship over the major
planetary
ecosystems found in the Amazon, and be rewarded financially
(grants,
not loans) and otherwise for doing so.
In sum, policy that
continues
to take a step forward and two back equals planetary
ecological
collapse. All our fates - human and
non-human - depend
upon
defending and maintaining the Amazon as an unfragmented, intact
and
operable bioregion.
g.b.
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ITEM #1
Title: New Brazil roads could destroy rainforest
Source: Copyright c 2000 Ananova Ltd
Date: November 13, 2000
A study
in Brazil says that a plan to repair and build four major
roads
could harm more than one-third of the country's Amazon
rainforest
over the next 20 years.
The
study was prepared by scientists at the National Institute of
Amazon
Research and two US universities - Oregon State University and
Michigan
State University.
Work on
the roads in four states, totalling 3,500 kilometres (2,170
miles),
is part of a $40 million economic development programme known
as
Advance Brazil.
The
study claims that the programme could destroy between 28% and 42%
of the
forest's 4 million square kilometres (1.6 million square
miles).
Researchers
fear that once the work is finished, the roads will
provide
easy access by loggers and ranchers to a swath of untouched
vegetation,
especially in the southern and eastern parts of the
forest
- thereby speeding up deforestation.
ITEM #2
Title: Brazil preserves world's largest tropical
wetland
Source: Copyright 2000, Environmental News Network
Date: November 14, 2000
By: Environmental News Network staff
The
United Nations Thursday created a new biosphere reserve in
Brazil's
Pantanal region, the planet's largest tropical wetland
ecosystem.
Biosphere
reserves are protected ecosystems where priority is given
to
conservation, research and sustainable development.
They
are recognized under the United Nation's Educational Scientific
and
Cultural Organisation's "Man and Biosphere Programme," which has
created
nearly 350 reserves in 85 countries worldwide.
The
news comes at a critical stage in the battle to preserve the
Pantanal,
as conservationists fight plans to revive an abandoned
project
that would create an industrial waterway through the heart of
the
region.
Biologists
hope its new status will attract fresh funding and
investment
enabling new, detailed analysis of one of the most
biologically
diverse but least-studied environments on Earth.
Brazil's
government recently negotiated a US$165 million loan from
the
Inter-American Development Bank for sustainable development, eco-
tourism
and sanitation projects in the region.
The
Pantanal covers an area roughly half the size of France, spread
across
the frontier region between Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Most
of the
region - around 140,000 square kilometers - is in Brazil's
central-western
states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul.
The
Pantanal is home to hundreds of bird species, including kites,
hawks,
macaws and toucans, as well as jaguars, alligators, river
otters,
iguanas, anacondas, anteaters, monkeys and capybaras, the
world's
largest rodents.
The new
sanctuary, which includes higher ground surrounding the
Pantanal,
spans 250,000 square kilometers and is the world's third
largest
biosphere reserve.
Glenn
Switkes, head of Latin American campaigns for a California-
based
non-governmental organization called the International River
Network,
said: "It's a symbolic gesture and a step in the right
direction,
as so little of the Pantanal is protected.
"Although
the United Nations isn't very rigorous in terms of
enforcement
and has no legal power, their reserves do tend to have a
moral
force and in this case at least makes Brazil aware that there's
a
global interest in the Pantanal. Hopefully, more substantial
measures
will follow."
The IRN
is part of "Rios Vivos," a coalition of 300 South American
NGOs
and allied organizations in Europe and the United States. It was
set up
to fight a decade-old plan to establish a 2,100-mile
industrial
channel from the town of Caceres in Mato Grosso to Nueva
Palmira
in Uruguay. The idea was to build a hidrovia for barges, open
24
hours a day, 365 days a year, supposedly facilitating the export
of
soybeans to Europe.
Keeping
waterways open all year round would have required dredging
and
curve-straightening in many parts of the River Paraguay, due to
the
Pantanal's flood-and-recede ecosystem, with obvious and
potentially
devastating effects on the local flora and fauna.
Brazil
pulled out of the project - a joint venture with the
governments
of Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina - three years
ago,
bowing to international criticism surrounding the scheme's
environmental
impact.
But now
the world's largest river shipping firm, American Commercial
Barge
Lines, is seeking permission to build a port at Morrinhos, a
natural
backwater in the Pantanal.
The
move is being seen as an underhanded bid to implement the old
hidrovia
project in stages and has sparked a global protest campaign
initiated
by Rios Vivos.
The
coalition is pressing Brazil's federal government - which is, by
law,
responsible for protecting the Pantanal and regulating
interstate
river traffic - to undertake the licensing process.
A
spokesperson for The Brazilian Institute for the Environment and
Natural
Renewable Resources, the regulatory arm of Brazil's
Environment
Ministry, said Thursday it would assume responsibility
for
licensing the project, though the move has yet to be made public.
Said
Switkes: "That's a direct result of Rios Vivos' international
campaign.
"If
this decision is left to Mato Grosso's government, the project
will
almost certainly be approved. Their economic plan is almost
totally
dependent on converting the savannah surrounding the Pantanal
to soy
monoculture use."
According
to the IRN, millions of hectares of savannah have already
suffered
this fate, leading to agrotoxic pollution of river systems
and
silt build-up in the Pantanal basin. Mato Grosso's government has
also
agreed to fund construction of a paved road through the Pantanal
to
Morrinhos if the port project is given the green light.
The
issue is to be discussed at a public audience in Mato Grosso next
week.
Renato Pavan, ACBL's consultant in Brazil, insisted: "This
project
will go ahead. Of course it's important that the environment
is
preserved, but that should be through sustainable development. Our
project
will meet every requirement of Brazil's environmental law."
But
Switkes said the scheme would spell doom for the Pantanal: "It is
the
most important wetland region on the planet and, instead of being
preserved
with a local economy based on tourism, it risks being
destroyed
for the gain of a few multinational grain traders."
"Exactly
the same thing happened with the Mississippi, which started
out as
a very complex river system and is now so polluted that if you
do
manage to catch a fish in it, the safest thing to do is throw it
back."
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